Fibroids (leiomyomas) are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. They are common in reproductive-age women. While usually asymptomatic, fibroids can cause severe pain and complications during pregnancy.

First Trimester

About one-third of fibroids grow during the first 12 weeks. Complications may include:

• Pain in the pelvis, abdomen, back, hips, or legs
• Vaginal bleeding
• Increased risk of early miscarriage

Second and Third Trimesters

• Fibroid Pain: Especially with fibroids >5cm or red degeneration
• Placental Abruption: Can cause bleeding and threatens mother and baby
• Preterm Labor: Signs include cramps, pressure, or water breaking
• Fetal Growth Restriction: Can result in low birth weight and complications
• Placenta Previa: Due to limited space for implantation

Labor and Delivery

• Malpresentation
• Labor dystocia
• Cesarean delivery

Postpartum

• Postpartum hemorrhage
• Retained placenta
• Uterine rupture (after myomectomy)

Can Fibroids Affect Fertility?

Most don't, but some fibroids depending on size and location can interfere with fertilization or implantation. Consult your gynecologist—treatment should be individualized, not generalized.